How GLP-1 Peptides Work

Last updated July 2, 2026 · Medically reviewed by David Chen, MD, PhD

Your body already makes hormones that control appetite, blood sugar, and how you burn energy. Three of the most important are GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), and glucagon. When you eat, these signals tell your brain you are full, help your pancreas release insulin, and influence how fat is stored or burned.

The compounds studied on this site are lab-engineered peptides designed to mimic or amplify those natural signals. Each one engages a different combination of receptors — which is exactly why they differ in how much weight loss they produce. Use the selector below to see the pathway for each compound.

Retatrutide
GLP-1
Curbs appetite and slows gastric emptying.
eat less
GIP
Amplifies GLP-1's effect and reduces nausea.
effect amplified
Glucagon
Raises energy expenditure and fat oxidation.
burn more

More receptors, more effect

The pattern is straightforward: adding receptors generally stacks the effects. Semaglutide engages GLP-1 alone; tirzepatide adds GIP; and retatrutide adds glucagon on top of both. Read the full profile of each in its deep dive — semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide — or see them side by side.

Metabolic optimization compounds, ready when you are.

  • 99%+ purity on every compound
  • Batch-matched COAs included
  • Discreet, same-day shipping
  • Metabolic optimization compounds from $70
  • 24/7 research support team
  • GLP research compounds
  • US-based peptide vendor
  • Lab supplies included
View products